Propositional Logic Truth Tables and Proofs

Published on October 15, 2026

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This document covers a series of problems in propositional logic, including constructing truth tables for logical expressions, determining the truth values of compound propositions, finding dual statements, and using logical equivalences to prove tautologies. It also includes applications such as symbolizing natural language statements into logical forms and proving geometric properties using logical reasoning.

Question

Answer

1. 真值表

(1)
F F T F F
F T T T T
T F F F T
T T F F T
(2) :由 ,故整式 。
F T F T
T F T F

2. 已知

(1)
(2)
(3)

3. 對偶敘述( , )

(1)
(2)

4. 真值表( 僅一真時為真)

(1) (2) (3) (4)
F F F F T T
F T T T F F
T F T T F T
T T F T T F

5. 複合命題真偽

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

6. 證明 為恆真

故為恆真(重言式)。

7. 符號化

(1) (2)

8. 真值表證明

左式 右式
F F F T T T F T
F F T T F F T F
F T F T T T F T
F T T T T T T T
T F F F T F T F
T F T F F F T F
T T F T T T T T
T T T T T T T T
左、右兩欄完全相同,故等價成立。

9. 命題「 」

  • 逆命題:
  • 否命題: ,即
  • 逆否命題: ,即

10. 證明

為銳角三角形,故 ;又 , 。
以反證法:假設 。因 ,得 。於是
與三角形內角和為 矛盾。故假設不成立,必 。